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Monday, 28 April 2014
P1 M1 D1 - The role of Web architecture in Website Communications
Internet Service Provider (ISP) - An internet service provider is an company that provides you with a connection to the internet. This is the basis of the internet, as with out an ISP, you would not be able to access the internet, and therefore the world wide web. ISP's enable you to be able to use web applications, which are applications that require access to the internet to function, one example of this would be a game such as Wildstar, which requires you to be able to connect to the online server to be able to use the application.
Web Hosting Services - Web Hosting Services are companies that provide an individual or company with the ability to make their website accessible on the World Wide Web. Web hosting services provide a server with an internet connection for you to host your website from. The places that they are stored at are referred to as data centres. The internet connections that these services provide for you website are generally a lot faster than consumer grade speeds so that they can deal with high volumes of traffic.
World Wide Web (WWW) - The world wide web is a system that allows the viewing of documents via the internet.
Domain Structure - The domain of a website is effectively a name given to a website, for example: http://YouTube.com. Domains are ordered from right to left, and each part of the domain is separated with a (.) . The first part of the domain is the Top-Level domain. This shows the type of website that it is, For example, .biz means business, .com means commercial, and .net if for networks. The next part of the domain name structure is the domain. This is used to identify an IP address, specifically the one linked to that domain. The final part of the domain name structure is the web protocol. The standard protocol is HTTP, which stands for hypertext transfer protocol. There are other variations of this, such as HTTPS which is the secured version of HTTP. This requires a Secure Socket Layer certificate to be installed onto the server the website is hosted from. These certificates are usually verified by a third party company.
Domain Name Registrars - These are company's that register the domain of a website. This is to stop more that one person using the same domain name for different IP addresses. A Domain Name Registrar must be accredited by The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers in order to be able to register domain names.
Mail server - A mail server is a server that processes Emails. Mail servers send emails to the domain that is specified, and receive incoming emails from other domains.
Web server - A web server is a machine that is used to store, deliver and process website pages to clients (users) over the internet. These machines are generally the same size as the average consumer grade computer, and are stored in racks (large towers) to make it so that the data centre that they are stored at can hold as many of the as possible/
Proxy server - A proxy server is a server that is between a client and a server. The proxy server's job is to check all the requests that a client sends to the server, before they get to the server to see if the proxy can carry the requests out its self. If it cannot, then it will forward the request onto the real server. This helps improve the performance of the service that clients are using as the real server does not have to deal with as many requests.
Router - Routers are used to connect 2 or more networks together. They are located at gateways (where the networks connect) and are used to sent different packets (information) to the appropriate part of the network. Their most common use is for connecting a LAN (local area network) to an ISP, so that the LAN has access to the internet.
Browser - A browsers (or web browser) is an application with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) that allows a user to view HTML Documents. It also allows users to view HTML documents using the Worldwide Web, and download files using the Worldwide Web.
Email - Email software (such as Microsoft outlook) is an application that is used for creating, sending, receiving and viewing messages and images that are sent over the internet. They also filter incoming emails, to ensure that you do not receive any malicious emails that could harm your computer, or may be trying to scam you.
HTTP/HTTPS - Hyper text transfer protocol is the application layer that is used for websites. It is the language which is used for webpages, and the most common way in which they send and receive information. HTTPS is Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure. This is used on any site that requires you to log in. It encrypts information (such as passwords) so that they cannot be interpreted by anyone except for the server which has the encryption key, to decrypt the information that you are sending to the server..
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the application layer that is the most common standard for sending and receiving emails between clients and servers. It requires the use of an email client (such as Microsoft outlook) in order to use the protocol to send emails.
TCP/IP - TCP/IP is the transport and addressing layer. This layer deals with where and how the information is being sent. The IP (internet protocol address) is what is used to decide where the information is being sent. The TCP (Transition protocol layer) is what decides the speed at which the data will be sent at, and how big each packet of information will be. The speed of transfer is determined by the slowest point in the route. An example of this would be if the client sending the data and the client receiving the data can both transfer data at 1Gb/s, but the router that they are connected to can only send data at 3Mb/s. Due to the router only being able to handle 3Mb/s of data, the transfer rate would be 3Mb/s.
The Transport and Addressing protocols work with the Application layer protocols. The application layer protocols create and receive the data that is being sent, where as the Transport and addressing protocols decide where the data is being sent and at what speed, as well as packaging all of the data into manageable packets rather than sending the data in one continuous stream. This allows the data to be sent in a reliable way, or an unreliable way.
Reliable data transfer will check with the client to see if it has received all of the packets. If they haven't, they it will re-send the missing packets. Unreliable data, such as video and audio steaming, will send packets regardless of whether you have received the packets, as it does not matter if you are missing part of a frame in a video, since it will be moving onto another frame very soon.
Link to downloadable version of this post: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7ZemmqjP5xfMFJwQm1pT0JScjg/edit?usp=sharing
Web Hosting Services - Web Hosting Services are companies that provide an individual or company with the ability to make their website accessible on the World Wide Web. Web hosting services provide a server with an internet connection for you to host your website from. The places that they are stored at are referred to as data centres. The internet connections that these services provide for you website are generally a lot faster than consumer grade speeds so that they can deal with high volumes of traffic.
World Wide Web (WWW) - The world wide web is a system that allows the viewing of documents via the internet.
Domain Structure - The domain of a website is effectively a name given to a website, for example: http://YouTube.com. Domains are ordered from right to left, and each part of the domain is separated with a (.) . The first part of the domain is the Top-Level domain. This shows the type of website that it is, For example, .biz means business, .com means commercial, and .net if for networks. The next part of the domain name structure is the domain. This is used to identify an IP address, specifically the one linked to that domain. The final part of the domain name structure is the web protocol. The standard protocol is HTTP, which stands for hypertext transfer protocol. There are other variations of this, such as HTTPS which is the secured version of HTTP. This requires a Secure Socket Layer certificate to be installed onto the server the website is hosted from. These certificates are usually verified by a third party company.
Domain Name Registrars - These are company's that register the domain of a website. This is to stop more that one person using the same domain name for different IP addresses. A Domain Name Registrar must be accredited by The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers in order to be able to register domain names.
Mail server - A mail server is a server that processes Emails. Mail servers send emails to the domain that is specified, and receive incoming emails from other domains.
Web server - A web server is a machine that is used to store, deliver and process website pages to clients (users) over the internet. These machines are generally the same size as the average consumer grade computer, and are stored in racks (large towers) to make it so that the data centre that they are stored at can hold as many of the as possible/
Proxy server - A proxy server is a server that is between a client and a server. The proxy server's job is to check all the requests that a client sends to the server, before they get to the server to see if the proxy can carry the requests out its self. If it cannot, then it will forward the request onto the real server. This helps improve the performance of the service that clients are using as the real server does not have to deal with as many requests.
Router - Routers are used to connect 2 or more networks together. They are located at gateways (where the networks connect) and are used to sent different packets (information) to the appropriate part of the network. Their most common use is for connecting a LAN (local area network) to an ISP, so that the LAN has access to the internet.
Browser - A browsers (or web browser) is an application with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) that allows a user to view HTML Documents. It also allows users to view HTML documents using the Worldwide Web, and download files using the Worldwide Web.
Email - Email software (such as Microsoft outlook) is an application that is used for creating, sending, receiving and viewing messages and images that are sent over the internet. They also filter incoming emails, to ensure that you do not receive any malicious emails that could harm your computer, or may be trying to scam you.
HTTP/HTTPS - Hyper text transfer protocol is the application layer that is used for websites. It is the language which is used for webpages, and the most common way in which they send and receive information. HTTPS is Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure. This is used on any site that requires you to log in. It encrypts information (such as passwords) so that they cannot be interpreted by anyone except for the server which has the encryption key, to decrypt the information that you are sending to the server..
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the application layer that is the most common standard for sending and receiving emails between clients and servers. It requires the use of an email client (such as Microsoft outlook) in order to use the protocol to send emails.
TCP/IP - TCP/IP is the transport and addressing layer. This layer deals with where and how the information is being sent. The IP (internet protocol address) is what is used to decide where the information is being sent. The TCP (Transition protocol layer) is what decides the speed at which the data will be sent at, and how big each packet of information will be. The speed of transfer is determined by the slowest point in the route. An example of this would be if the client sending the data and the client receiving the data can both transfer data at 1Gb/s, but the router that they are connected to can only send data at 3Mb/s. Due to the router only being able to handle 3Mb/s of data, the transfer rate would be 3Mb/s.
The Transport and Addressing protocols work with the Application layer protocols. The application layer protocols create and receive the data that is being sent, where as the Transport and addressing protocols decide where the data is being sent and at what speed, as well as packaging all of the data into manageable packets rather than sending the data in one continuous stream. This allows the data to be sent in a reliable way, or an unreliable way.
Reliable data transfer will check with the client to see if it has received all of the packets. If they haven't, they it will re-send the missing packets. Unreliable data, such as video and audio steaming, will send packets regardless of whether you have received the packets, as it does not matter if you are missing part of a frame in a video, since it will be moving onto another frame very soon.
Link to downloadable version of this post: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7ZemmqjP5xfMFJwQm1pT0JScjg/edit?usp=sharing
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